A common mistake when cleaning gemstone jewellery is treating every stone the same. What works for quartz might harm turquoise, lapis lazuli, or opal. Know your stones before you begin.
Start with a soft cloth.
For most jewellery, a soft, dry polishing cloth is enough for regular care. If you need to remove dust or fingerprints, a cloth will do the job; no water or products needed.
Mild soapy water for most stones
If your jewellery needs a deeper clean, quickly rinse it in warm (not hot) water with a little mild dish soap. This works for most hard, non-porous stones. Don't let the pieces soak. Rinse them well and dry right away. Check between beads, around clasps, and in metal settings where water might collect.
Stones that need special care
Some stones are porous, soft, or especially sensitive. These include:
- Pearls and mother-of-pearl: wipe with a damp cloth, never scrub, and dry gently afterwards.
- Turquoise and lapis lazuli: these stones are very porous. Keep them away from soaps, perfumes, and household cleaners. Try to avoid sudden temperature changes as well.
- Selenite: do not use water at all, because it can dissolve or crack.
- Malachite: this stone is porous and reacts badly to acids and chemicals.
- Amber: this is an organic and soft material. Wipe it gently with a barely damp cloth.
If you are unsure how to clean a stone, the safest option is to use a slightly damp soft cloth.
What to avoid
- Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can damage pearls, opals, porous stones, dyed minerals, and glued settings. Pastes or abrasive powders may also scratch stones and metal.
- Vinegar and strong chemical dips are too harsh for most natural gemstones.
- Hot water and sudden temperature changes can crack delicate stones.
Matte stones looking dry or whitish?
Matte black stones like onyx or tourmaline may look dry or faded after cleaning. This is normal and does not mean the stone is damaged. Once the stone is fully dry, put a small amount of jojoba or mineral oil on a soft cloth, rub gently, and buff off any excess. Use this method only on dark matte stones, not on light-coloured or very porous gems.